THE ESSENCE OF THE CATEGORY OF "ECONOMIC SECURITY": STRUCTURE AND PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION

Abstract

The article considers the essence of the concept of "economic security". It analyses scientific works of scientists, devoted to the study of economic security, with the aim of clarification of the content of the concept of economic security. A systematisation of interpretations of the concept of "economic security" by domestic and foreign economists has been carried out. This explains the lack of a single approach to defining this category. The article analyses the evolution of the studied concept and shows that the formation of the essence of economic security has passed several stages. In particular, the periodisation of the development of this concept is determined on the basis of six stages of development: conditional, qualitative, protectionist, static, resource, teleological, which reveal the essence of economic security, taking into account the conditions, features, factors of influence and risk factors. The author summarizes that economic security has a rather complex internal structure consisting of the following elements: economic independence, which in the modern world economy is by no means absolute; stability and resilience of the national economy, which include protection of property in all its forms, creation of reliable conditions and guarantees for entrepreneurial activity, fight against criminal structures in the economy, prevention of serious differentiation in the distribution of income that threatens to cause social upheaval; ability to The article considers the structure of economic security in terms of the following levels of economic security: national, local (regional), which is presented in the form of eight closely related structural elements: demographic security, economic security, spiritual and moral security, information security, environmental security, political security, defence (military) security and social security. The main measures to ensure economic security are allocated, such as: information and analytical measures, measures of regulatory influence, measures of direct action. The main goal of economic security of an enterprise is defined, which is a guarantee of its stable and most efficient functioning. The main functional goals of economic security are allocated, such as ensuring high financial efficiency, financial stability and independence of the enterprise; ensuring technical independence and achieving high competitiveness of the technical potential of the economic entity; achieving a high level of staff qualification and its intellectual potential, etc. The factors which form the economic security of an enterprise are named.