TAXATION OF UKRAINIAN BANKS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of taxation of banking institutions in Ukraine, identify the main problematic aspects in this area, study international experience in taxation of banking activities, and substantiate possible directions for improving the national tax system concerning the banking sector. Methods. The research is based on a combination of analytical, comparative and statistical methods. Normative-legal analysis was applied to examine current legislative frameworks and wartime amendments. Comparative analysis helped in identifying differences between pre-war and wartime tax regimes. Statistical methods were used to assess the fiscal significance of the bank profit tax in Ukrainian budget revenues. Results. The main changes in tax policy regarding the banking sector are analyzed, in particular the introduction of increased corporate income tax rate. The impact of bank taxation on the revenues of the consolidated budget of Ukraine is determined, the sources of excess profits by banks are characterized. The international experience of taxing excess profits of banks is summarized, in particular in EU countries, where the emphasis is on taxation of net interest income. The problems of the current approach to the taxation of banks in Ukraine are highlighted, in particular the retrospective introduction of changes, and directions for improving the banking sector taxation system are proposed in order to ensure financial stability and replenish the state budget. Scientific novelty. The article substantiates the feasibility of introducing a special approach to the taxation of banking institutions. Practical significance. The results of this study can be used by financial regulators in Ukraine and other countries experiencing crisis conditions. The proposed recommendations can help increase the resilience of the tax system and ensure a balanced approach between filling the budget and supporting financial institutions during periods of armed conflict or emergencies.