DEMOGRAPHIC MODEL "DONOR-RECIPIENT" ON THE EXAMPLE OF COUNTRIES: UKRAINE AND BANGLADESH

Abstract

The demographic imbalance is a serious problem in Ukraine due to overall demographic stagnation since 1992, economic labor migration, and war [1]. A proposed solution is targeted demographic migration. For example, migrants can contribute by transferring knowledge and skills to develop various sectors, including healthcare, education, and others. Ukraine is facing out-migration and depopulation, especially in the industrial and agricultural sectors. Migrants can help fill these vacancies, contributing to economic development and providing the necessary labor force. Ukraine also faces demographic security challenges, including an aging population [6] and low fertility rates. To address these issues, it is necessary to develop effective government programs and policies aimed at supporting families and fertility. On the other hand Bangladesh is considered as one of the over populated countries on the planet. About 1,168.79 people are living per square kilometer area. It increases 1.03% from the previous year i.e. 2022 in 2023. Bangladesh is enjoying a youth population mean since long. According to an UNFPA study about 20% of their populations are 15-24 years of age. Moreover 48% of their populations are in working age from 25-60 years. Every year millions of Bangladeshi expatriate workers fly to Middle East, East Asian, European and North American countries to get job and they are contributing about USD 25 billion per year as remittance to Bangladesh economy. Objective. Is to solve the problem of the demographic crisis in Ukraine and to develop migration relationship. Methods. In this article we did literature review: we conducted a thorough review of existing literature on demographic models, migration, and population trends in Ukraine and Bangladesh. This would have involved searching for and analyzing relevant academic articles, reports, and statistical data. Also we use method called data analysis: we analyzed demographic data from Ukraine and Bangladesh, including population size, growth rate, age distribution, and migration patterns. We did case study: we used Ukraine and Bangladesh as case studies to illustrate the application of the «donor-recipient» demographic model. We did proposal development and peer review. Are many scholars who study demography and explore different strategies in this area. Results. The demographic imbalance is a serious problem in Ukraine due to overall demographic stagnation since 1992, economic labor migration, and war. The proposed solution is targeted demographic migration, where migrants can contribute by transferring knowledge and skills to develop various sectors, including healthcare, education, and others. We propose a comprehensive migration policy that defines the goals of migration, the desired types of migrants, and the steps that will be taken to support migrants. The article provides a detailed analysis of the demographic trends and challenges in these countries and proposes a solution that is based on the «donor-recipient» model, which has been successfully implemented in other countries. The proposed migration policy can contribute to economic development, reduction of discrimination and xenophobia, and the development of tourism infrastructure in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. It lies in the proposal of a targeted demographic migration program that is tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of Ukraine and Bangladesh. The article provides a detailed analysis of the demographic trends and challenges in these countries and proposes a solution that is based on the «donor-recipient» model, which has been successfully implemented in other countries. Practical significance. Economic development: the migration of skilled workers from Bangladesh to Ukraine can help fill labor shortages in key sectors such as healthcare and education, which can contribute to economic development in Ukraine. Reduction of discrimination and xenophobia: the coexistence of different nationalities can help reduce stereotypes and assumptions about other cultures, which can contribute to a more tolerant and inclusive society. Development of tourism infrastructure: migrants from Bangladesh can draw attention to Ukrainian tourist destinations among their compatriots and other tourists from South Asia, which can contribute to the development of tourism infrastructure in Ukraine. Transfer of knowledge and skills: migrants can contribute by transferring knowledge and skills to develop various sectors, including healthcare, education, and others. Strengthening of cultural ties: the exchange of cultural values between Ukraine and Bangladesh can enrich both societies and strengthen cultural ties between the two countries.